Variable rate (VR) phosphorus (P) fertilization aims at improving fertilizer use efficiency and environmental impacts by
varying fertilizer rates according to the needs of each zone within a field. This study evaluates the profitability of an on-the-go
VR fertilization of phosphate (P2O5) in grain corn yield using visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) soil sensor-based VR
applicator. This evaluation was considered in two different soil phosphorus levels (high & very high with minimum & no
fertilization, respectively), which are the common phosphorus levels in Belgian agricultural fields. A previously developed
VIS-NIR model was used to predict the extractable phosphorous (Pal). An experimental field divided into two zones
according to soil P levels, namely, Zone 1 (high Pal level of 55 mg 100 g-1) with 2 plots and Zone 2 (very high level of Pal of
63 mg 100 g-1) with 3 plots. In these five plots VR of phosphate (P) was adapted using the VR applicator. For each plot, the
amount of uniform rate (UR) P need was also obtained using the traditional soil test phosphorus (STP). The overall P
application in each plot using the VR approach was compared with the corresponding UR. Amount of P applied with VR
fertilization depended upon the initial level of Pal. Compared with the STP recommendation for UR application, in Zone 1
with high level of P, VR provided a positive fertilizer return of 1.5 kg P ha-1, (0.96 € ha-1), whereas in Zone 2 with very high
level of P, VR led to a negative fertilizer return of 16.37 kg P ha-1 (10.52 € ha-1). Compared with the UR fertilization plots, 305
kg ha-1 corn net return was obtained in Zone 1, which introduced a revenue of 33.54 € ha-1. However, in Zone 2 there was a
loss of 324.6 kg ha-1 introducing a cost of 35.73 € ha-1. The results showed that the on-the-go VR fertilization of P based on a
VIS-NIR sensor is profitable in fields with high level of phosphorus. However, the profitability of this system should also be
investigated in fields with medium, low and very low levels of P levels, which are not the case in most of the fields in
Belgium.
Variable rate (VR) phosphorus (P) fertilization aims at improving fertilizer use efficiency and environmental impacts byvarying fertilizer rates according to the needs of each zone within a field. This study evaluates the profitability of an on-the-goVR fertilization of phosphate (P2O5) in grain corn yield using visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) soil sensor-based VRapplicator. This evaluation was considered in two different soil phosphorus levels (high & very high with minimum & nofertilization, respectively), which are the common phosphorus levels in Belgian agricultural fields. A previously developedVIS-NIR model was used to predict the extractable phosphorous (Pal). An experimental field divided into two zonesaccording to soil P levels, namely, Zone 1 (high Pal level of 55 mg 100 g-1) with 2 plots and Zone 2 (very high level of Pal of63 mg 100 g-1) with 3 plots. In these five plots VR of phosphate (P) was adapted using the VR applicator. For each plot, theamount of uniform rate (UR) P need was also obtained using the traditional soil test phosphorus (STP). The overall Papplication in each plot using the VR approach was compared with the corresponding UR. Amount of P applied with VRfertilization depended upon the initial level of Pal. Compared with the STP recommendation for UR application, in Zone 1with high level of P, VR provided a positive fertilizer return of 1.5 kg P ha-1, (0.96 € ha-1), whereas in Zone 2 with very highlevel of P, VR led to a negative fertilizer return of 16.37 kg P ha-1 (10.52 € ha-1). Compared with the UR fertilization plots, 305kg ha-1 corn net return was obtained in Zone 1, which introduced a revenue of 33.54 € ha-1. However, in Zone 2 there was aloss of 324.6 kg ha-1 introducing a cost of 35.73 € ha-1. The results showed that the on-the-go VR fertilization of P based on aVIS-NIR sensor is profitable in fields with high level of phosphorus. However, the profitability of this system should also beinvestigated in fields with medium, low and very low levels of P levels, which are not the case in most of the fields inBelgium.
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