The topography and morphology characterizations of bare GC and GC modified with MWCNTs electrodes were performed to obtain information about the physicochemical properties of the surfaces.
SEM images for bare GCE and GCE modified with MWCNTs are presented in Fig. 4. The AFM investigations were performed in randomly chosen places on the surface of the GC and GC/MWCNTs electrodes, recording height (topography), phase and amplitude images simultaneously. The AFM images were recorded at scan sizes 1 μm × 1 μm (Fig. 5).