In the European
Union, where food fortification with vitamin D may
either be mandatory or voluntarily, some countries have
established food fortification as mandatory, such as the
Nordic countries (Andersen et al., 2001; Roman Vinas
et al., 2011). In the case of Spain, fortification with vitamin D is voluntary for all foods except for infant formulas
(i.e. starter formulas and follow-on formulas) and
infant cereals in which fortification with vitamin D levels
of between 0.24 and 0.72 lg per 100 kJ is mandatory
(Official State Bulletin, 1998, 2008).