Pretreatment of cotton fabrics
Anhydrous betaine was dissolved in water to obtain an 8wt% solution
and a certain amount of hydrochloric acid was added to yield a
molar ratio of it to betaine of 1:1. Then dicyandiamide was added to
the above solution to obtain a 5wt% concentration. Cotton fabrics
were dipped into the above aqueous solution at a liquor ratio of 10:1
and padded on a mangle to give 90% pickup. The two-dip-two-pad procedure
was used. The padded fabrics were dried at 80 °C for 3 min, and