1. Introduction
Both the federal and state
governments have enacted legislation
designed to promote the eventual
widespread adoption of zero-emissions
vehicles. For instance, California enacted
the Zero-Emissions-Vehicle (ZEV)
program mandating automakers to claim
ZEV credits for a small percentage of
total vehicle sales starting in 2003.
Further, the last version of the 2003
energy bill included over a billion dollars
in incentives for automakers to develop
technology related to Fuel-Cell Vehicles.
Currently, the Fuel-Cell Vehicle (FCV)
and the Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
are the only potential ZEV replacements
of the internal combustion engine,
however, no studies have directly
compared the two technologies in terms
of performance and cost when
considering the most recent advances in