Implications of the review for practice and research
Practice: The authors stated that short-term use of a restricted-carbohydrate diet may improve glycaemic control and triglyceride levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Moderate carbohydrate restriction may also provide some benefit. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend restricted-carbohydrate diets in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Research: The authors stated that RCTs are required to determine the effect of restricted-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. inflammation, endothelial dysfunction), long-term cardiovascular outcomes and overall safety in patients with type 2 diabetes. Studies should examine not only the effect of specific fats and carbohydrates but also the effect of increased fat or protein intake.