The effect on productivity in terms of weight of calves weaned by Mashona beef cows grazing on veld when given vitamin A, bonemeal or groundnut cake, singly or combined, was studied during 6 years at Makoholi. Productivity was increased by 21% when bonemeal was given throughout the year, and by 32% when groundnut cake was given during winter. With bonemeal and groundnut cake together two-thirds of the increase in productivity was due to higher fertility. Cows given groundnut cake were about 100 lb heavier than other cows at the end of the winter, and their subsequent conception rate was 76%; that of controls, which had lost weight, was 38%. Calves born to cows which had been given groundnut cake were heavier than those born to other cows; birthweight was directly related to weight of dam at calving. Neither bonemeal or vitamin A had any effect on birthweight, but bonemeal for cows and calves improved gain of calves during suckling. V. J. B.