The orchids represent a group of botanically significant and commercially important flowering plants. The orchid flowers exhibit excessively wide range of variation in shape, form, size and coloration surpassing flowers of all the other angiosperms. As a result, they are highly valued in flori-trade as species or hybrids for pot plant or cut flower and holds enormous promise. The North-East (NE) India, which falls within the IndoBurmese megabiodiversity hotspot, is considered as the proverbial treasure house of orchid varieties. The orchid resources of the world, in general and NE region of India, in particular is depleting day by day due to habitat loss. Endemic orchids of the region are facing the grim possibility of extinction under intense biotic pressures like jhum cultivation, forest fires, indiscriminate wild collection and illegal trade by the local people. Hence, conservation and sustainable utiliza- tion assume greater importance to save the dwindling orchid wealth.