order to demonstrate that it is possible for a sentence to be syntactically
'correct' (and to be perceived as such by native speakers) without being
in any way meaningful. Chomsky and his followers use people's intuitive
knowledge of syntactic correctness to argue that there are certain aspects
of grammar that are universal, that is, common to all human languages
(such as the fact that there are relationships between words) and others
that vary from one language to the next (for example, the fact that there
are certain situations where a definite article is required in some
languages but not others). These and other observations have led
Chomsky to propose that we are all equipped with an independent
Language Acquisition Device (LAD) in our minds, which is responsible
for language acquisition and processing, and which is independent from
other types of cognitive processing.
Applied linguists have responded to generative grammar in a variety of
ways. In fields such as SLA, many researchers have not only adopted the
generative grammar approach, but have also taken it in an entirely new
direction, by asking whether and to what extent learners of second
languages also have access to the same Language Acquisition Device chat
(according to generativist theory) governs the process of first language
acquisition. Essentially, there are three different positions on this issue.
Some researchers have argued that the LAD is fully operational in second
language learning, and cite empirical studies showing that adult learners
of English as a second tanguage can master features of English that simply
do not exist in cheir first language (LI ). Others argue that access to the
LAD is possible to some degree,but will always be mediaced (and
sometimes hindered) by what speakers subconsciously know about their
first language. Finally, there are researchers who propose that there is a
critical period (roughly at the age of puberty) beyond which learners of
second languages no longer have access to the LAD at all. Researchers
who take this view have pointed to the often striking differences in the
final second language proficiency attaimTtent levels of immigrant children
and their parents as evidence in support of this 'no second language'
view,
Because it separates syntax from semantics and pragmatics, and regards
linguistic theory as essentially concerned with psychological questions,
generative grammar has found less favour among applied linguists who
believe that there is a relationship between grammar and meaning, and
who are more interested in social problems than psychological processes.
These researchers have tended to work wi[h alternative approaches to
order to demonstrate that it is possible for a sentence to be syntactically 'correct' (and to be perceived as such by native speakers) without being in any way meaningful. Chomsky and his followers use people's intuitive knowledge of syntactic correctness to argue that there are certain aspects of grammar that are universal, that is, common to all human languages (such as the fact that there are relationships between words) and others that vary from one language to the next (for example, the fact that there are certain situations where a definite article is required in some languages but not others). These and other observations have led Chomsky to propose that we are all equipped with an independent Language Acquisition Device (LAD) in our minds, which is responsible for language acquisition and processing, and which is independent from other types of cognitive processing. Applied linguists have responded to generative grammar in a variety of ways. In fields such as SLA, many researchers have not only adopted the generative grammar approach, but have also taken it in an entirely new direction, by asking whether and to what extent learners of second languages also have access to the same Language Acquisition Device chat (according to generativist theory) governs the process of first language acquisition. Essentially, there are three different positions on this issue. Some researchers have argued that the LAD is fully operational in second language learning, and cite empirical studies showing that adult learners of English as a second tanguage can master features of English that simply do not exist in cheir first language (LI ). Others argue that access to the LAD is possible to some degree,but will always be mediaced (and sometimes hindered) by what speakers subconsciously know about their first language. Finally, there are researchers who propose that there is a critical period (roughly at the age of puberty) beyond which learners of second languages no longer have access to the LAD at all. Researchers who take this view have pointed to the often striking differences in the final second language proficiency attaimTtent levels of immigrant children and their parents as evidence in support of this 'no second language' view, Because it separates syntax from semantics and pragmatics, and regards linguistic theory as essentially concerned with psychological questions, generative grammar has found less favour among applied linguists who believe that there is a relationship between grammar and meaning, and who are more interested in social problems than psychological processes. These researchers have tended to work wi[h alternative approaches to
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