Hypercholesterolemia, or high cholesterol, occurs when there is too much cholesterol in the body. Cholesterol is a soft, waxy, fat-like substance that is a natural component of all the cells in the body. Your body makes all the cholesterol it needs. Added cholesterol, which comes from the foods you eat, may cause harm.
High cholesterol raises your risk for heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. When there is too much cholesterol circulating in the blood, it can create sticky deposits (called plaque) along the artery walls. Plaque can eventually narrow or block the flow of blood to the brain, heart, and other organs. Blood cells that get caught on the plaque form clots, which can break loose and completely block blood flow through an artery, causing heart attack or stroke.
The normal range for total blood cholesterol is between 140 to 200 mg per decilitre (mg/dL) of blood (usually just expressed as a number). However, the total number doesn't tell the whole story: There are two types of cholesterol, HDL (high density lipoproteins, or "good" cholesterol) and LDL (low density lipoproteins, or "bad" cholesterol). The amount of HDL relative to LDL is considered a more important indicator of heart disease risk. There is a third kind of fatty material called triglycerides found in the blood. They also play a role (generally as triglyceride levels rise, "good" HDL cholesterol falls). In fact, there is a subset of physicians who believe that trigylcerides are the only fats in the body that increase heart disease risk. When you have high cholesterol, it usually means you have high levels of LDL cholesterol, normal or low levels of HDL cholesterol, and normal or high levels of triglycerides.
While heredity may be a factor for some people, the main culprits are lack of exercise and diets high in saturated fat. High cholesterol can be prevented, sometimes with lifestyle changes (diet and exercise) alone. If these do not work, your doctor may recommend medications to lower your cholesterol levels.
Signs and Symptoms
In the early stages, there usually aren't any symptoms of high cholesterol. The only way to tell if your cholesterol is high is through a blood test.
Causes
In some cases, high cholesterol levels may be inherited, your liver may make too much cholesterol, or your body may not remove LDL from your blood efficiently. High cholesterol and elevated triglycerides can also be associated with other diseases, such as diabetes. But most often high cholesterol is caused by eating foods high in saturated fat and not getting enough exercise. High cholesterol is more common in people who are overweight or obese, a condition that affects almost half of U.S. adults.
Risk Factors
Some factors increase a person's risk of having high cholesterol. While some of these cannot be changed, many can be. The most important risk factors for high cholesterol are
• Being overweight or obese
• Eating a diet high in saturated fat and trans fatty acids (found in processed and fried foods)
• Not getting enough exercise
• Family history of heart disease
• High blood pressure
• Smoking
• Diabetes
Preventive Care
Most people can lower cholesterol levels by eating a well balanced diet, getting regular exercise, and losing excess weight.
Treatment Approach
Lowering your cholesterol level reduces your risk of heart disease and stroke. Studies show that for every 1% reduction in cholesterol levels there is a 2% reduction in the rate of heart disease. People who already have heart disease or are at higher risk benefit most from lowering their cholesterol.
Changes in lifestyle, improved diet and more exercise, are the most effective means of both preventing and, in less severe cases, treating high LDL cholesterol levels. In addition to recommending lifestyle changes, doctors often prescribe specific cholesterol-lowering medications.
Hypercholesterolemia, or high cholesterol, occurs when there is too much cholesterol in the body. Cholesterol is a soft, waxy, fat-like substance that is a natural component of all the cells in the body. Your body makes all the cholesterol it needs. Added cholesterol, which comes from the foods you eat, may cause harm.High cholesterol raises your risk for heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. When there is too much cholesterol circulating in the blood, it can create sticky deposits (called plaque) along the artery walls. Plaque can eventually narrow or block the flow of blood to the brain, heart, and other organs. Blood cells that get caught on the plaque form clots, which can break loose and completely block blood flow through an artery, causing heart attack or stroke.ช่วงปกติของไขมันในเลือดทั้งหมดที่อยู่ระหว่าง 140 ถึง 200 มิลลิกรัมต่อ decilitre (mg/dL) เลือด (มักจะแสดงเป็นตัวเลข) อย่างไรก็ตาม จำนวนทั้งหมดไม่ได้บอกเรื่องทั้งหมด: มีสองประเภทของเลสเตอรอล LDL (lipoproteins ความหนาแน่นต่ำ หรือไขมันไม่ดี") และ HDL (lipoproteins ความหนาแน่นสูง หรือไขมันที่ดี") ปริมาณของ HDL กับ LDL เป็นตัวบ่งชี้สำคัญของความเสี่ยงโรคหัวใจ มีสามชนิดของวัสดุไขมันเรียกว่าไตรกลีเซอไรด์ในเลือด พวกเขายังมีบทบาท (โดยทั่วไปเป็นการเพิ่มขึ้นของระดับไตรกลีเซอไรด์ ไขมัน HDL ดี"ตรง) ในความเป็นจริง มีชุดย่อยของแพทย์ที่เชื่อว่า trigylcerides เป็นเพียงไขมันในร่างกายที่เพิ่มความเสี่ยงโรคหัวใจ เมื่อคุณมีไขมันสูง มันมักจะหมายถึง คุณมีอลและระดับสูง ปกติ หรือต่ำระดับของ HDL คอเลสเตอร และระดับไตรกลีเซอไรด์ปกติ หรือสูงในขณะที่พันธุกรรมอาจเป็นปัจจัยสำหรับบางคน ความขบขันจะขาดการออกกำลังกายและรับประทานอาหารที่มีไขมันอิ่มตัวสูง ไขมันสูงสามารถป้องกันได้ บางครั้ง ด้วยการเปลี่ยนไลฟ์สไตล์ (อาหารและออกกำลังกาย) เพียงอย่างเดียว ถ้าเหล่านี้ไม่ทำงาน แพทย์อาจแนะนำให้ยาเพื่อลดระดับของคอเลสเตอรอาการและอาการแสดงในระยะแรก ๆ มักไม่มีอาการใด ๆ ของไขมันสูง วิธีเดียวที่จะบอกว่า คุณอรสูงคือการตรวจเลือดCausesIn some cases, high cholesterol levels may be inherited, your liver may make too much cholesterol, or your body may not remove LDL from your blood efficiently. High cholesterol and elevated triglycerides can also be associated with other diseases, such as diabetes. But most often high cholesterol is caused by eating foods high in saturated fat and not getting enough exercise. High cholesterol is more common in people who are overweight or obese, a condition that affects almost half of U.S. adults.Risk FactorsSome factors increase a person's risk of having high cholesterol. While some of these cannot be changed, many can be. The most important risk factors for high cholesterol are• Being overweight or obese• Eating a diet high in saturated fat and trans fatty acids (found in processed and fried foods)• Not getting enough exercise• Family history of heart disease• High blood pressure• Smoking• DiabetesPreventive CareMost people can lower cholesterol levels by eating a well balanced diet, getting regular exercise, and losing excess weight.Treatment ApproachLowering your cholesterol level reduces your risk of heart disease and stroke. Studies show that for every 1% reduction in cholesterol levels there is a 2% reduction in the rate of heart disease. People who already have heart disease or are at higher risk benefit most from lowering their cholesterol.Changes in lifestyle, improved diet and more exercise, are the most effective means of both preventing and, in less severe cases, treating high LDL cholesterol levels. In addition to recommending lifestyle changes, doctors often prescribe specific cholesterol-lowering medications.
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