Despite similarities between the Goulet et al. (1998)
and Bialoskurski et al. (1999) models, neither explicitly
defines a time frame for the attachment process. However,
the attachment elements do progress through a longer
time period in the Bialoskurski et al. (1999) model, a time
frame that allows for the mothering of an immature infant
in the NICU. In integrating the models, time elements have
been made explicit. In the new model, time is depicted to
flow from pregnancy through the neonatal period (from left
to right across the antecedents) and from the described
antecedents to the consequences (from top to bottom).