Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) is based on quenching
thepolymer solution below thesolvent's freezingpoint(Tk) and induc-
ingliquid
–
liquid separation (
Fig.2
).Twophasesareformed:apolymer-
richphaseandapolymer-poorphase.Thepolymer-richphasesolidi
fi
es,
whilst the polymer-poor phase crystallises. The formed crystals are re-
moved, leaving a highly porous structure (more than 90%)
[52,53]
.