Full situs inversus was often caused by R3 modulation, in contrast to the heterotaxia induced by almost every other manipulation (an exception is Vg1 misexpression [55]).
The ion flux model is consistent with this observation because abrogation of the K+ leak in the context of other existing currents could cause an inversion of the relative membrane voltage among cell groups; it is a feature of this model that it is the relative difference between cell membrane voltage levels which determines laterality.