The present study has demonstrated that the tilapia-shrimp polyculture is technically feasible, and can be environmentally friendly and economically attractive with appropriate feeding strategy. The use of cost effective diets and optimization of feeding inputs is therefore vital in sustainable shrimp farming and can make the shrimp-tilapia polyculture more attractive to shrimp farmers. The present study indicated that the addition of Nile tilapia into shrimp ponds can improve feed utilization efficiency, resulting in better economic returns and less environmental pollution.