Association analysis is extremely powerful because the individuals that are sampled do not have to be closely related, which harnesses all of the meiotic and recombination events between those individuals to improve resolution [reviewed in (9, 29, 31)]. Because of these recombination events, only markers in LD with a disease or trait of in- terest will associate with the disease or trait. Association analysis was responsible for the identification and cloning of the cystic fibrosis gene (27), the diastrophic dysplasia gene (19), and one of the major Alzheimer’s factors (2).