Shortcomings of the above analysis
It is assumed in the above analysis that the expansion is a constant
enthalpy process. This is strictly not true inside a capillary tube since there is a
large change in kinetic energy due to change in velocity along the length due to
flashing of refrigerant liquid. In fact kinetic energy increases at a very fast rate as
the velocity becomes sonic and the flow becomes choked. First law of
thermodynamics indicates that in absence of heat transfer, work done and
change in potential energy for a system in steady state, the sum of enthalpy and
the kinetic energy must remain constant. Hence, if the kinetic energy increases
the enthalpy must decrease, as a result the quality of the refrigerant will be lower
than calculated by assuming constant enthalpy. The actual state of refrigerant in
a constant diameter adiabatic tube is represented by Fanno line, which is shown
in Fig.24.6 on h–s diagram along with the saturation curve. Fanno line is the
solution of steady, compressible adiabatic flow with friction through a tube of
constant diameter.
Shortcomings of the above analysisIt is assumed in the above analysis that the expansion is a constantenthalpy process. This is strictly not true inside a capillary tube since there is alarge change in kinetic energy due to change in velocity along the length due toflashing of refrigerant liquid. In fact kinetic energy increases at a very fast rate asthe velocity becomes sonic and the flow becomes choked. First law ofthermodynamics indicates that in absence of heat transfer, work done andchange in potential energy for a system in steady state, the sum of enthalpy andthe kinetic energy must remain constant. Hence, if the kinetic energy increasesthe enthalpy must decrease, as a result the quality of the refrigerant will be lowerthan calculated by assuming constant enthalpy. The actual state of refrigerant ina constant diameter adiabatic tube is represented by Fanno line, which is shownin Fig.24.6 on h–s diagram along with the saturation curve. Fanno line is thesolution of steady, compressible adiabatic flow with friction through a tube ofconstant diameter.
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