4. EXCEPTIONS
The obligations of confidentiality under the Agreement do not extend to the information that at
the time of its disclosure by Disclosing Party to Receiving Party or after the disclosure (whether
before or after signing this Agreement):
(a) is in the public domain other than resulting from a breach of this Agreement; or
(b) is already rightfully known to or is in the possession or control of the Receiving Party without
any obligation of confidentiality; or
(c) independently developed by the Receiving Party without use of or reference to the
Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information.