Question: Sulphur has d orbitals?
Answer 1: There is a bit of a philophical debate as to whether orbitals exist only when they're populated,or if they're always there. In both oxygen and sulphur,there is no occupied d orbital in the ground state (so both 3d orbitals are vacant), but in sulphur the promotion energy of an electron from a 3s or 3p orbital to a 3d orbital is much less than the promotion energy of an electron in the 2s or 2p orbitals in oxygen to a 3d orbital (2d orbitals do not exist, of course).
Arguably, this means that sulphur can access its 3d orbitals under the right conditions, since the promotion energy required is relatively low and could be supplied in chemically relevant situation (so the sulphur 3d orbital is accessible).
Question: Sulphur has d orbitals?Answer 1: There is a bit of a philophical debate as to whether orbitals exist only when they're populated,or if they're always there. In both oxygen and sulphur,there is no occupied d orbital in the ground state (so both 3d orbitals are vacant), but in sulphur the promotion energy of an electron from a 3s or 3p orbital to a 3d orbital is much less than the promotion energy of an electron in the 2s or 2p orbitals in oxygen to a 3d orbital (2d orbitals do not exist, of course). Arguably, this means that sulphur can access its 3d orbitals under the right conditions, since the promotion energy required is relatively low and could be supplied in chemically relevant situation (so the sulphur 3d orbital is accessible).
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