■■ older age: over 60.
■■ Black african or Black caribbean origin.
■■ hispanic ethnicity.
■■ family history of glaucoma.
■■ Increased cup-disc ratio – this compares the diameter of the cupped portion of the disc with its overall diameter.
■■ Thin central corneal thickness, which leads to underestimation of Iop. Black patients in particular may have thinner average central corneal thickness, resulting in underdiagnosis of elevated pressure.