However, e-waste recycling in the informal sector is characterized by practices that pose significant
risks to both workers’ health and the environment. In recent years, the formal sector has grown
steadily under governmental regulation and financing, which has enabled the establishment of e-waste
recycling processes that are safer and more environmentally and economically sound. Nevertheless,
large volumes of e-waste continue to flow to and through the informal sector. This section reviews the
spatial distribution, recycling capacity, techniques and environmental impact of both sectors.