The macroscopic parts of the conceptual structure is the result of a detailed reconstruction aimed at facing
explicitly three kinds of apparent paradoxes that the modelling game of the macroscopic approach intrinsically has:
a. Familiarity and abstractness – in spite of the feeling of familiarity suggested by words like temperature, heat
and energy, the access to their scientific meanings requires a deep reflection on the specific epistemological way
of accounting for phenomena. For example, the definition of temperature in a consistent macroscopic way which
avoids tautologies (temperature is what is measured by a thermometer and a thermometer is what measures
temperature) requires a long process where the inner consistency of argumentation must be made explicit (see
§3.2, Introduction). To achieve this goal the epistemological status of the various steps in the argumentation is
stressed by the distinction between “assumptions” (the equilibrium as a primitive concept), “elevation of a fact to
the rank of principle” (the transitive property of being in equilibrium), “implications of a definition on modelling
The macroscopic parts of the conceptual structure is the result of a detailed reconstruction aimed at facing
explicitly three kinds of apparent paradoxes that the modelling game of the macroscopic approach intrinsically has:
a. Familiarity and abstractness – in spite of the feeling of familiarity suggested by words like temperature, heat
and energy, the access to their scientific meanings requires a deep reflection on the specific epistemological way
of accounting for phenomena. For example, the definition of temperature in a consistent macroscopic way which
avoids tautologies (temperature is what is measured by a thermometer and a thermometer is what measures
temperature) requires a long process where the inner consistency of argumentation must be made explicit (see
§3.2, Introduction). To achieve this goal the epistemological status of the various steps in the argumentation is
stressed by the distinction between “assumptions” (the equilibrium as a primitive concept), “elevation of a fact to
the rank of principle” (the transitive property of being in equilibrium), “implications of a definition on modelling
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