3. Results
Despite the term of CL has been widely used in many different disciplines and fields, there is no consensus
upon its definition (Jenni, & Mauriel, 2004). Despite the lack of consensus on what CL is, there are some
underlying features that will be identified. Laals cited Bruffee (1996) who claims: Abercrombie M.L.J., a
teacher physician, found that his medical students who worked together in groups, more quickly made a medical
diagnosis and gained a better medical conclusion than those working alone. CL is an educational approach to
teaching and learning, involving groups to work together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a
product. In a CL setting, the learners listen to different perspectives, and are required to articulate and defend
their ideas. The learners begin to create their own frameworks and not rely solely on an expert's or a text's
framework. In a CL environment, learners talk with each other, present and defend their ideas, exchange a wide
variety of beliefs and question other conceptual frameworks (Srinivas, 2011).