Variables that influence the citric-acid extraction of pectins from cacao pod husk were examined. A
screening study tested the main parameters influencing pectin yield and uronic acid content by
a factorial fractional 33 1 design. Further, response surface methodology was applied using a central
composite design to examine the effect of a greater region of variable values on pectin yield and uronic
acid content. The yield was optimized by increasing the temperature and time. None of the variables had
a significant effect on the uronic acid content, and there was lack of fit of the model to the uronic acid
content. From the fitted model, extraction conditions with aqueous citric acid at pH 3.0 for 95 min at
95 C provided a predicted yield of approximately 9.0 g/100 g dry cacao pod husks. The obtained
experimental value for the yield was 10.1 0.3 g/100 g dry cacao pod husks, with the pectins containing
65.1 0.8 g uronic acid/100 g fraction, DE 40.3% and DA 15.9%. At 5 g/100 g aqueous solution, the fraction
behaved as a concentrated solution and presented a non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior, well
described by Cross Model. Additionally, the fraction formed gels at acidic pH and high sucrose content
Variables that influence the citric-acid extraction of pectins from cacao pod husk were examined. Ascreening study tested the main parameters influencing pectin yield and uronic acid content bya factorial fractional 33 1 design. Further, response surface methodology was applied using a centralcomposite design to examine the effect of a greater region of variable values on pectin yield and uronicacid content. The yield was optimized by increasing the temperature and time. None of the variables hada significant effect on the uronic acid content, and there was lack of fit of the model to the uronic acidcontent. From the fitted model, extraction conditions with aqueous citric acid at pH 3.0 for 95 min at95 C provided a predicted yield of approximately 9.0 g/100 g dry cacao pod husks. The obtainedexperimental value for the yield was 10.1 0.3 g/100 g dry cacao pod husks, with the pectins containing65.1 0.8 g uronic acid/100 g fraction, DE 40.3% and DA 15.9%. At 5 g/100 g aqueous solution, the fractionbehaved as a concentrated solution and presented a non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior, welldescribed by Cross Model. Additionally, the fraction formed gels at acidic pH and high sucrose content
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