But "String of Puppies" failed to satisfy the criteria for parody on two grounds. First, it lacked the spirit of raillery which is the special mood of parody. The image was too nightmarish to be funny. It was some sort of critique, but the attitude of the artist was too opaque, or too ambivalent, to easily identify. Second, and more important, the copy wasn't a critique of the original. How could it be? Since the viewers had never seen the original before, they couldn't know what was being parodied. Judge Haight had written that fair use protects only commentary "specifically addressed to the copyrighted work."