One thing about chemicals is that, once they react in certain ways, they
form compounds that are nothing like the original elements. For example, if you combine carbon, hydrogen and oxygen together in one way, you get glucose (C6H1206). However, if you combine them in another way, you get ethanol (C2H50H) Glucose, vinegar and ethanol are nothing like each other, but they are all made from the same elements.
In the case of hydrogen and oxygen gas, if you mix them together in one way, you get liquid water (H20). The reason why we cannot breathe liquid water is because the oxygen used to make the water is bound to two hydrogen atoms, and we cannot breathe the resulting liquid. The oxygen is useless to our lungs in this from. The oxygen that fish breathe is not the oxygen in H20. Instead, fish breathe O2 (oxygen gas) that is dissolved in the water. Many different gases dissolve in liquids, and we can see examples of this all the time in carbonated beverages. In these beverages, these is so much carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water that it rushes out in the from of bubbles.
Fish breathe the dissolved oxygen in the water using their gills. However, extracting the oxygen is not easy. According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, air has about twenty times more oxygen than the same volume of water. Besides, water is much heavier and denser than air, so it takes a lot more work to move it around. The main reason why gills work for fish is the fact that fish are cold-blooded, which reduces their oxygen demands. On the other hand, warm-blooded animals like whales breathe air like people do because it will be hard to extract enough oxygen using gills.
Humans cannot breathe underwater because our lungs do not have enough surface area to absorb enough oxygen from water. Furthermore, the lining in our lungs is adapted to handle air rather than water.
One thing about chemicals is that, once they react in certain ways, theyform compounds that are nothing like the original elements. For example, if you combine carbon, hydrogen and oxygen together in one way, you get glucose (C6H1206). However, if you combine them in another way, you get ethanol (C2H50H) Glucose, vinegar and ethanol are nothing like each other, but they are all made from the same elements. In the case of hydrogen and oxygen gas, if you mix them together in one way, you get liquid water (H20). The reason why we cannot breathe liquid water is because the oxygen used to make the water is bound to two hydrogen atoms, and we cannot breathe the resulting liquid. The oxygen is useless to our lungs in this from. The oxygen that fish breathe is not the oxygen in H20. Instead, fish breathe O2 (oxygen gas) that is dissolved in the water. Many different gases dissolve in liquids, and we can see examples of this all the time in carbonated beverages. In these beverages, these is so much carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water that it rushes out in the from of bubbles. Fish breathe the dissolved oxygen in the water using their gills. However, extracting the oxygen is not easy. According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, air has about twenty times more oxygen than the same volume of water. Besides, water is much heavier and denser than air, so it takes a lot more work to move it around. The main reason why gills work for fish is the fact that fish are cold-blooded, which reduces their oxygen demands. On the other hand, warm-blooded animals like whales breathe air like people do because it will be hard to extract enough oxygen using gills. Humans cannot breathe underwater because our lungs do not have enough surface area to absorb enough oxygen from water. Furthermore, the lining in our lungs is adapted to handle air rather than water.
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