Skin exposure is an interactive process between a source and a worker (Fig. 1), and is defined as the mass of chemical reaching the body barrier (skin) and available for absorption per unit time. This source-receptor relationship is characterized by analysis of exposure pathways. As with the respiratory and oral routes skin exposure is of
toxicological significance systemically only if absorption across the body barrier occurs. The absorbed dose, or internal dose, is defined as the mass passing through the body barrier into systemic circulation. Knowledge of the absorption process is particularly important for the dermal route, since the skin generally provides a good barrier for chemical substances. The concentration of a chemical or its metabolites can be measured in blood, urine, breath and other fluids and tissues, but the relationship of such concentrations to internal dose requires a thorough analysis of human
pharmacokinetics. Thus, dermal exposure measurements can be viewed as playing a role analogous to that of air sampling within the context of occupational exposure assessment in that direct measurements of exposure are complemented by biological monitoring to fully define sources and exposure pathways, and to estimate absorbed dose.
Skin exposure is an interactive process between a source and a worker (Fig. 1), and is defined as the mass of chemical reaching the body barrier (skin) and available for absorption per unit time. This source-receptor relationship is characterized by analysis of exposure pathways. As with the respiratory and oral routes skin exposure is of
toxicological significance systemically only if absorption across the body barrier occurs. The absorbed dose, or internal dose, is defined as the mass passing through the body barrier into systemic circulation. Knowledge of the absorption process is particularly important for the dermal route, since the skin generally provides a good barrier for chemical substances. The concentration of a chemical or its metabolites can be measured in blood, urine, breath and other fluids and tissues, but the relationship of such concentrations to internal dose requires a thorough analysis of human
pharmacokinetics. Thus, dermal exposure measurements can be viewed as playing a role analogous to that of air sampling within the context of occupational exposure assessment in that direct measurements of exposure are complemented by biological monitoring to fully define sources and exposure pathways, and to estimate absorbed dose.
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