Participants completed five items written by the authors that assessed spiritual beliefs concerning the environment. Examples include “My spiritual and/or religious beliefs teach me to protect, preserve, and respect the natural environment,” and “My spiritual and/or religious beliefs help me have a relationship with the natural environment.” Participants used a 5-point scale (from 1 = not at all to 5 = very much) to indicate their answers. Reliability was very good (α = 0.86).