Standard curveswere obtained for Q-PCR constructed fromclones of PCR products (Ince et al., 2011). PCR products thatwere to be sequenced were purified by ethanol precipitation and then sequenced using an ABI Prism Big Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit on an ABI Prism 377 DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems, USA). After the primer specificity was confirmed by the sequence analysis, these amplicons were used as standards. Dilution series of the purified PCR productwere used as calibration standards for real-timePCR quantification after their DNA concentrations were determined by the fluorometer (Qubit, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Standard curves were constructed in each PCR run, and the copy numbers of the genes in each sample were interpolated using these standard curves.