(3) financial and non-financial informationwith no financial threshold, and (4) financial and non-financial information with specific mention of human
resource measures (e.g., employee satisfaction, turnover, training). Using a multi-response logistic model,
I find evidence consistent with the base model results and extend the results to directly investigate the
use of human resource measures.
This study extends prior literature by investigating two relevant and topical organizational variables.
Today’s economy has an increased focus on the use of human capital (Lev, 2001); firms are increasingly
relying on human capital and there is certainly much debate over the design of executive compensation.
Thus, if evidence is to be provided on this growing debate, it is important to understand when (and whether)
firms use non-financial information to supplement traditional financial information in compensation
contracting. The study has practical implications for those who design performance measurement systems.
First, it appears that firms are using non-financial measures to focus top executives’ attention on the
firm’s long-term, strategic objectives. Second, when choosing measures to include in a reward system,
it is important to consider contextual factors such as the pay structure. This study also provides insights
to researchers who evaluate and attempt to understand the use and design of performance measurement
systems. An important theoretical implication is that agency theory, at least in this setting, is incomplete.
To gain a more complete understanding of the use of performance measures in contracting, researchers
should consider multiple theories of behavior.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents a discussion of related literature
and develops the hypotheses. A description of the research method is found in Section 3. Results are
presented in Section 4. Finally, conclusions and limitations, along with a discussion of the results as
related to relevant human capital issues such as firm performance and knowledge transfer, are found in
Sections 5 and 6.
(3) financial and non-financial informationwith no financial threshold, and (4) financial and non-financial information with specific mention of humanresource measures (e.g., employee satisfaction, turnover, training). Using a multi-response logistic model,I find evidence consistent with the base model results and extend the results to directly investigate theuse of human resource measures.This study extends prior literature by investigating two relevant and topical organizational variables.Today’s economy has an increased focus on the use of human capital (Lev, 2001); firms are increasinglyrelying on human capital and there is certainly much debate over the design of executive compensation.Thus, if evidence is to be provided on this growing debate, it is important to understand when (and whether)firms use non-financial information to supplement traditional financial information in compensationcontracting. The study has practical implications for those who design performance measurement systems.First, it appears that firms are using non-financial measures to focus top executives’ attention on thefirm’s long-term, strategic objectives. Second, when choosing measures to include in a reward system,it is important to consider contextual factors such as the pay structure. This study also provides insightsto researchers who evaluate and attempt to understand the use and design of performance measurementsystems. An important theoretical implication is that agency theory, at least in this setting, is incomplete.To gain a more complete understanding of the use of performance measures in contracting, researchersshould consider multiple theories of behavior.The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents a discussion of related literatureand develops the hypotheses. A description of the research method is found in Section 3. Results arepresented in Section 4. Finally, conclusions and limitations, along with a discussion of the results asrelated to relevant human capital issues such as firm performance and knowledge transfer, are found inSections 5 and 6.
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