Spray drying: a slurry (solids concentration of 400 g/l)was made by mixing the carriers (Gum Arabic, Kerry Ingredients UK Ltd,and DE 20 potato maltodextrin, Brenntag SPA, at a 1:3 ratio) and the liquid flavor in water. The slurry was fed to a single stage
spray dryer (APV, Italy; Tin ¼ 160 C; Tout ¼ 90 C) to obtain the flavor powder.