The short term disruptions associated with the post election violence were large, with large numbers of
deaths and many hundreds of thousands of Kenyans displaced. In the short term, public services in some
areas were disrupted; markets have responded through, among other things, layoffs and increased prices;
and civil and social capital and networks have been adversely affected. These have affected the poor, and
likely caused many families who were not previously poor to fall below subsistence levels of consumption.