Pineapple peel was obtained from pineapple cannery plants in Prachuap Khiri Khan province and used in Treatment 1, while TMF was used in Treatments 2 and 3. The TMF was composed of pineapple peel, sweet corn husk and cob, bagasse, rice straw, and vinasse at the ratio of 20:60:10:5:5 (fresh weight basis).