Accountability and governance are major problems in most
transition countries. Governments need to be assured that higher
education institutions are addressing societal needs by producing the
desired graduates, as well as by generating the research and service to
improve citizens’ lives. For public institutions, government needs to
be assured that funds are well spent, that the institutions are efficient,
and that institutions are productive (Layzell 1998). As costs rise,
accountability pressures increase. As increasing numbers of individuals
in countries in transition attend private institutions and pay
tuition, concerns about accountability are likely to increase