In this section the factors developed in the SWOT framework were mapped into a TOWS matrix. There were five factors about strengths, six about weaknesses, five about opportunities and three about threats. Strategies were developed by placing the internal strengths and weaknesses in the context of external opportunities and threats. The mapped ิstrategies, symbolized as SO, WO, ST and WT, are the benchmark for the strategic development of green logistics in Taiwan. The results are summarized in Table 4.