The single-step activation in presence of purified CO2 was adopted in this research study.<br>Approximately 20 g of dried palm kernel shell was weighed into an alumina crucible boat and<br>was positioned inside the Carbolite® CTF 12/100/900 tube furnace. The experimental setup<br>consisted of 100 mm diameter and 900 mm long tubular furnace that was mounted horizontally.<br>Inside the furnace, an impervious aluminous porcelain tube was placed. Heating rate, dwelling<br>time, and activation temperature were controlled by using a digital Eurotherm® controller, and<br>was aided by a thermocouple. Prior to activation, N2 was flown at flow rate of 150 cm3<br>/min for<br>about 30 min in order to remove any presence of air. After that, CO2 activation was carried out<br>by ramping the temperature from an ambient temperature to 850oC at heating rate of 5 oC/min,<br>and hold for 1 hr. CO2 flow rate was retained at 450 cm3<br>/min. The cooling step was performed<br>in presence of N2 flow, prior to the sample collection for subsequent characterization and CO2adsorption. Yield (in dry weight basis) of the synthesized activated carbon was calculated by<br>dividing the final mass of activated carbon to the initial mass of raw precursors loaded into the<br>alumina crucible boat.
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