The third party refurbishers described in this paper are indeed regarded as a cannibalization threat by some original cell phone manufacturers. The economics of cell phone refurbishers are not affected by cannibalization, since they have no financial stake in new cell phone production. Nevertheless, a high cannibalization rate, or even merely the perception that it might be high, could have significant indirect impacts for refurbishers. High actual or perceived cannibalization generates strong economic disincentives for manufacturers to support the reverse logistics channels of refurbishers or create cell phone designs that facilitate reuse. Indeed, some manufacturers only support recycling of cell phones