Performance improvement is thought to occur through engagement in deliberate practice. Deliberate
practice is predicted to be challenging, effortful, and not inherently enjoyable. Expert and intermediate
level Gaelic football players executed two types of kicks during an acquisition phase and pre-, post-, and
retention tests. During acquisition, participants self-selected how they practiced and rated the characteristics
of deliberate practice for effort and enjoyment. The expert group predominantly practiced the skill
they were weaker at and improved its performance across pre-, post- and retention tests. Participants in
the expert group also rated their practice as more effortful and less enjoyable compared to those in the
intermediate group. In contrast, participants in the intermediate group predominantly practiced the skill
they were stronger at and improved their performance from pretest to posttest but not on the retention test.
Findings provide support for deliberate practice theory and give some insight into how experts practice
and improve their performance beyond its current level.
Keywords: learning, skill acquisition, expert performance
Performance improvement is thought to occur through engagement in deliberate practice. Deliberatepractice is predicted to be challenging, effortful, and not inherently enjoyable. Expert and intermediatelevel Gaelic football players executed two types of kicks during an acquisition phase and pre-, post-, andretention tests. During acquisition, participants self-selected how they practiced and rated the characteristicsof deliberate practice for effort and enjoyment. The expert group predominantly practiced the skillthey were weaker at and improved its performance across pre-, post- and retention tests. Participants inthe expert group also rated their practice as more effortful and less enjoyable compared to those in theintermediate group. In contrast, participants in the intermediate group predominantly practiced the skillthey were stronger at and improved their performance from pretest to posttest but not on the retention test.Findings provide support for deliberate practice theory and give some insight into how experts practiceand improve their performance beyond its current level.Keywords: learning, skill acquisition, expert performance
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