One generally reported factor is collection complexity, simpler and more convenient collection systems get better householder participation (Woodward et al., 2005; Read, 1999; Barr and Gilg, 2005). For example, Barr and Gilg (2005) found that householders were confused when asked to separate materials into different containers and consequently produced more residual waste. Similarly, Oom do Valle et al. (2009) argued that collection services with many different containers had lower participation rates. Martin et al. (2006) reported collection schemes limited to two containers, one for recyclates and one for waste, were more popular with residents than those with multiple containers.