Heat pump systems are expensive to install and
maintenance costs are also high. Careful economic
analysis is necessary to be sure that the energy savings
will be great enough to offset the added installation and
maintenance costs. Closed-loop heat pumps are most
applicable to buildings such as hotels which exhibit a
wide variety of thermal requirements along with simultaneous
heating requirements in perimeter zones and
large internal loads or chronically overheated areas such
as kitchens and assembly spaces.