Effective pedagogy within such communities is at the heart of this paper. We ask: What does research tell us about the characteristics of effective pedagogy in the west? From our investigations that have helped us answer that question, we have developed a set of principles that underpin the kinds of pedagogical approaches found to develop mathematical capability and disposition within an effective learning community. The ten principles of effective mathematics pedagogy should not be taken in isolation but interpreted as part of a complex web of factors that can affect student learning. They incorporate elements of practice related to the classroom community, classroom discourse, the kinds of tasks that enhance students‘ thinking, and the role of teacher knowledge (see Figure 1). We discuss each of these principles, in turn, in the following sections.