THE FIRST ANGLO-BURMESE WAR (1824-1826) DID not affect only the Burmese and the British, or even Siam. The international relations of all that part of the world were shaken profoundly. Siam had to re-think its relations with the British, and they had quickly, as we have seen, to come to terms with the British, who were their new neighbors to the West, across the mountains from Ratchaburi, Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Chumphon, and Ranong. Obtaining inaccurate information, the Vientiane Lao launched a sudden military expedition against Bangkok in the so-called Lao-Thai War of 1826-27 which forever changed Lao history. And far away to the north, leading figures in the kingdom of Lan Na, centered in Chiang Mai were caught up in a fierce debate that must have nearly torn them apart. After the death of King wila (1782-1816), who had won independence after many generations of rule from Burma, the ruling family of Lan Na was torn asunder in what was nearly a civil war that ended with King Phutthawong (1825-1846) on the throne in Chiang Mai, but his defeated uncles and rivals still ruling in Lamphun and Lampang, Lan Na soon was affected by the Anglo-Burmese War right after it erupted in 1824. Chiang Mai often had been ruled by Burmese princes, and served as Burmese headquarters for their rule in Lan Na. Although the Lan Na people might
have been tempted to get involved in that war, invariably o the side of Siam against Burma, they seem to have been more tempted to simply sit it out, particularly as a British victory became clearer by early 1826. That Chiang Mai faction might have been tempted to believe that a British victory would set Chiang Mai free. The Lan Na people repeatedly had suffered from the depredations of Burma armies, and now they need not worry about a security threat from the west. Similarly, they might no longer need to depend upon Bangkok, or upon Nan for assistance against Burma. They were weak in Lan Na, and had had, for example, to depend upon armies from Nan to defeat the Burmese in Chiang Saen in 1804. Very few internal sources ever allude to the arguments that must have been raging through the winter months of 1826-27 and Bangkok sources are silent on the matter. All we know from Bangkok is that the Bangkok rulers were furious wit Chiang Mai, irritated that Lan Na was not quickly sending an army to assist in the counterattack on Vientiane. Chiang Mai simply delayed as Bangkok's patience came near to breaking None of the sources tells us what the people in Chiang Mai were saying to each other. We are given only two hints as to what might have been going on there. The first has to do with relations between the Lamphun people and the Chiang Mai people, representing Kawila's line and his brother's line, the latter of which had succeeded to the ruler ship in 1825. The Lamphun people were repeatedly reluctant to allow a visiting party from British Burma (led by David Richardson) to proceed on to Chiang Mai, despite repeated requests. Over the course of several visits by Richardson, it transpired that there were very bad relations between the two parties. The issue was how to treat Lan Na's new neighbor to the southwest Britain in Martaban and south from there and, more generally, how Ian Na might deal with foreign relations to its west. Here the Anglo-Burmese War had sharply refashioned the world for Lan Na in 1826. Although it would be simplest to conclude that the bad blood between the two parties was a matter of dynastic rivalries there is another interpretation that seems to make more sense. This has to do with a curious historical writing produced by an unnamed person in 1827, just between the end of the Anglo-Burmese War and the first of Richardson's visits in 1829. The best guess is that the author of this work, the Tamman phun muang Chiang Mai or Chiang Mai Chronicle, was a male, a person close to Chao Kawila, the first ruler of the new Chiang Mai. To him, all the history of Chiang Mai after the death of Kawila in 1816 was one calamity after another. He twice takes the opportunity to quote Kawila and Kawila's father verbatim on matters of state policy. The first quotation is to urge harmony and concord among the royal family. The second quotation is another royal admonition to maintain royal unity and, especially, to maintain the strong alliance with the kings of Siam. It seems strange for the author to have broken his narrative twice to insert verbatim quotations; and we are left to wonder where these quotations might have come from. I am tempted to think immediately of historical arguments that began to break out in the 1960s, in which, to support their argument, historians would insert gratuitous quotations from the unchallengeable Prince Damrong Rajanubhab, even when they had to stretch historical memory to do so. It was as though they
might try to win their argument by retrospectively enlisting very high-ranking persons to do so. Here is a case where the intrusion of European power dramatically changed the existing balance of local power. In this case, the immediate outcome of the confrontation was determined by Bangkok, who settled the conflict with the Vientiane Lao by using little more than their own power in 1827, and then overcame local ineptitude in Chiang Mai by systematically usurping local power in the 1870s to 1890
สงครามพม่า-อังกฤษครั้งแรก (1824-1826) ไม่มีผลเฉพาะพม่า และอังกฤษ หรือแม้แต่สยาม ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างประเทศของทั้งหมดที่เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของโลกถูกเขย่าและลึกซึ้ง สยามมีความสัมพันธ์กับอังกฤษคิด และพวกเขาได้อย่างรวดเร็ว เราได้เห็น ฮั้วกับอังกฤษ ที่บ้านใหม่ของพวกเขาทางตะวันตก ข้ามภูเขา จากราชบุรี กาญจนบุรี เพชรบุรี ชุมพร ระนอง ได้รับข้อมูลที่ไม่ถูกต้อง ลาวเวียงจันทน์เปิดเร่งทหารแบบฉับพลันต่อกรุงเทพมหานครในสงครามไทย-ลาวเรียกว่าของ 1826-27 ซึ่งเปลี่ยนแปลงประวัติศาสตร์ลาวตลอดไป และห่างไปทางทิศเหนือ นำตัวเลขในราชอาณาจักรของลานนา ศูนย์กลางเชียงใหม่ถูกหางอภิปรายดุเดือดที่ต้องมีเกือบขาดพวกเขากัน หลังจากการตายของวิลากษัตริย์ (1782-1816), ผู้ชนะเอกราชหลังจากกฎจากพม่าหลายรุ่น ครอบครัวปกครองของลานนาฉีกออกเป็นชิ้น ๆ ในสิ่งที่เป็นสงครามกลางเมืองที่สิ้นสุดกับพระเจ้าหลวงพุทธวงศ์ (1825-1846) เกือบบนบัลลังก์ในเชียงใหม่ แต่ลุงเขาแพ้ และคู่แข่งยังคง ปกครองในลำพูนและลำปาง ลานนาเร็ว ๆ นี้ได้รับผลจากสงครามพม่า-อังกฤษด้านขวาหลังจากที่มันปะทุใน 1824 เชียงใหม่มักจะถูกปกครอง โดยพม่าปริ๊นซ์ และทำหน้าที่เป็นสำนักงานใหญ่พม่าสำหรับกฎของพวกเขาใน Lan เรี่ยม แม้ว่าคนล้านนาอาจ have been tempted to get involved in that war, invariably o the side of Siam against Burma, they seem to have been more tempted to simply sit it out, particularly as a British victory became clearer by early 1826. That Chiang Mai faction might have been tempted to believe that a British victory would set Chiang Mai free. The Lan Na people repeatedly had suffered from the depredations of Burma armies, and now they need not worry about a security threat from the west. Similarly, they might no longer need to depend upon Bangkok, or upon Nan for assistance against Burma. They were weak in Lan Na, and had had, for example, to depend upon armies from Nan to defeat the Burmese in Chiang Saen in 1804. Very few internal sources ever allude to the arguments that must have been raging through the winter months of 1826-27 and Bangkok sources are silent on the matter. All we know from Bangkok is that the Bangkok rulers were furious wit Chiang Mai, irritated that Lan Na was not quickly sending an army to assist in the counterattack on Vientiane. Chiang Mai simply delayed as Bangkok's patience came near to breaking None of the sources tells us what the people in Chiang Mai were saying to each other. We are given only two hints as to what might have been going on there. The first has to do with relations between the Lamphun people and the Chiang Mai people, representing Kawila's line and his brother's line, the latter of which had succeeded to the ruler ship in 1825. The Lamphun people were repeatedly reluctant to allow a visiting party from British Burma (led by David Richardson) to proceed on to Chiang Mai, despite repeated requests. Over the course of several visits by Richardson, it transpired that there were very bad relations between the two parties. The issue was how to treat Lan Na's new neighbor to the southwest Britain in Martaban and south from there and, more generally, how Ian Na might deal with foreign relations to its west. Here the Anglo-Burmese War had sharply refashioned the world for Lan Na in 1826. Although it would be simplest to conclude that the bad blood between the two parties was a matter of dynastic rivalries there is another interpretation that seems to make more sense. This has to do with a curious historical writing produced by an unnamed person in 1827, just between the end of the Anglo-Burmese War and the first of Richardson's visits in 1829. The best guess is that the author of this work, the Tamman phun muang Chiang Mai or Chiang Mai Chronicle, was a male, a person close to Chao Kawila, the first ruler of the new Chiang Mai. To him, all the history of Chiang Mai after the death of Kawila in 1816 was one calamity after another. He twice takes the opportunity to quote Kawila and Kawila's father verbatim on matters of state policy. The first quotation is to urge harmony and concord among the royal family. The second quotation is another royal admonition to maintain royal unity and, especially, to maintain the strong alliance with the kings of Siam. It seems strange for the author to have broken his narrative twice to insert verbatim quotations; and we are left to wonder where these quotations might have come from. I am tempted to think immediately of historical arguments that began to break out in the 1960s, in which, to support their argument, historians would insert gratuitous quotations from the unchallengeable Prince Damrong Rajanubhab, even when they had to stretch historical memory to do so. It was as though theyอาจพยายามที่จะชนะอาร์กิวเมนต์ของพวกเขา โดยไทยมากขนาดคนดังย้อนหลังได้ นี่คือกรณีที่บุกรุกของยุโรปใช้พลังงานอย่างมากเปลี่ยนดุลอำนาจท้องถิ่นที่มีอยู่ ในกรณีนี้ กำหนดผลลัพธ์ของการเผชิญหน้าทันที โดยกรุงเทพมหานคร ผู้ตัดสินความขัดแย้งกับลาวเวียงจันทน์ โดยใช้น้อยกว่าพลังงานของตนเองในปี แล้ว overcame ความไม่ถูกท้องถิ่นเชียงใหม่ โดยระบบ usurping อำนาจท้องถิ่นใน 1870s ไป 1890
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