E. coli is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, which possesses adhesive fimbriae and a cell wall that consists of an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides, a periplasmic space with a peptidoglycan layer, and an inner, cytoplasmic membrane. Some strains are piliated and capable of accepting and transferring plasmid to and from other bacteria. Such property enables E. coli under bad/stress conditions to survive. [4] Even though it has extremely simple cell structure, with only one chromosomal DNA and a plasmid, it can perform complicated metabolism to maintain its cell growth and cell division.