For households that have both non-tapping and tapping rubber
plantations, labor requirements resembled those of tapping plantations plus more
work on cultural managements for non-tapping plantations. Full-time family labors
were spread to all activities, with percentages of labors involved ranging from 28.1-
59.6%, except collecting rubber scarps for which the involvement was only 18.3%.
The uses of part-time family labors were also spread to all activities (27.4-65.8%),
except tapping and selling the products for which part-time family labors were less
involved (Table 4.5). These results indicated that although full-time working-age
labors were the main labor force for rubber production, elderly people and school
children also played an important role in helping to carry out the tasks that do not
require hard labor or special skill