Study This stage of research consists of developing a deeper understanding of what factors are at play in how the values of interest are manifest in the everyday world. While Stage 1 provides a framework to guide design and research, this stage involves fleshing out the details of how individuals and social groups pursue and achieve those particular aspirations. What is different about this kind of analysis compared with the canonical HCI approach is that, while a typical HCI project might only look at an individual’s interaction or set of tasks or practices around a particular technology, the extended Study stage can be much broader. It begins by considering the details of particular tasks or practices, but then asks how those mechanics of interaction help people achieve longlasting value through and beyond the interaction. Research might look at current shopping practices, for example, and focus on how they enforce social connections to other people, or help people acquire new objects to bolster their identity, or how the shopping experience provides distraction and disengagement from the world of work. All of these are different higher-level values which are reflected in the specific behaviour of individuals, but are manifest, too, in the hopes and ideals of people, the way the environment is designed (technologically or otherwise), the social situation, and the cultural ideals of a place. This kind of analysis then does not just take into account people’s interactions with computer technology, but looks at their interactions with the everyday world more broadly: in the environment, with everyday objects, with other people, as well with the hi-tech elements of their world. This is a more complex analysis, again involving input from disciplines outside of HCI, focusing on the forces that drive people to engage with technologies, and the ways in which those technologies are embedded in the world. This stage usually entails conducting a user study of one sort or another. Often, this means ethnography, looking at particular kinds of people in particular contexts. Based on this, further user studies can be conducted to examine the ways in which specific kinds of behaviours interplay with specific values in a more controlled situation in the laboratory. For example, if the goal is to produce online shopping experiences that support trust between a shopper and an on-line process, this can be investigated in a focused study. It may also be the case, for a particular set of human values, that there is already a well-established body of work. The conceptual analysis from Stage 1 will help point to existing relevant work in this case, which may well include literature in other fields