Several innovative methods using the carbonaceous materials
were recently presented to enhance the power conversion efficiency
(g) of DSSC. For example, a triangular structure among the
particles of TiO2, carbon black, and dye was presented to help the
electron excitation of the alizarin yellow [8]. A light scattering
layer of carbon spheres/TiO2 nanoparticle composites was used
to enhance the light harvest efficiency (LHE) of the photo-anode
and the performance of the DSSC [9]. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
were applied to the working electrode [10–14] or the counter electrode
[15,16] to enhance the performance of a DSSC due to their
unique properties (such as good electric conductivity and high
effective surface area) [10].