Grouping and seating: Forming groupings. Arranging and rearranging seating.
Deciding where you will stand or sit. Reforming class as a whole group after activities.
Activities: Sequencing activities. Setting up activities. Giving instructions. Monitoring
activities. Timing activities. Bringing activities to an end.
Authority: Gathering and holding attention. Deciding who does what. Establishing or
relinquishing authority as appropriate. Getting someone to do something.
Critical moments: Starting the lesson. Dealing with unexpected problems. Maintaining
appropriate discipline. Finishing the lesson.
Tools and techniques: Using the board and other classroom equipment or aids. Using
gestures to help clarity of instructions and explanations. Speaking clearly at an
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appropriate volume and speed. Use of silence. Grading complexity of language.
Grading quantity of language.
Working with people: Spreading your attention evenly and appropriately. Using
intuition to gauge what students are feeling. Eliciting honest feedback from students.
Really listening to students (pp. 79-80).
Some of these areas and various techniques for organizing and managing the class will
be discussed in greater detail in the following subchapters.