In learning studies drawing from a ‘practice-based’ or participational metaphor,
learning is almost conflated with ongoing practice itself. Practices are described in
terms of knowledge-circulation, and learning is then a web of micro-interactions
socializing workers and their tools to a community. For some the purposes have to do
with an individual becoming a fuller participant in practice, while others strive for an
outcome of changed or ‘reconfigured’ practices. Practice is reified and learning limited
to actions recognizable within an existing community of routines.