Experimental design. The Ruzyně Fertilizer Experiment (RFE) was established on a permanent arable field in 1955 on the western edge of Prague (50°05'15''N, 14°17'28''E). At the study site, the mean annual temperature was 8.2°C and the mean annual precipitation was 422 mm (Prague-Ruzyně Meteorological Station, 1955–2007). The soil type was classified as Luvisol and the parent material was loess mixed with chalk. The upper 30 cm (arable layer) contains 27% clay, increasing to 40% in the subsoil (soil layer 30–40 cm) and 49% at depths of 40–50 cm (Hejcman et al. 2012b).
Spring barley was only sampled from strip number II of the RFE, named the ‘Classical Crop Rotation’ (45% cereals, 33% root crops and 22% legumes). The crop sequence was alfalfa, alfalfa, winter wheat, sugar beet, spring barley, potatoes, winter wheat, sugar beet and spring barley with alfalfa under-sowing. Organic fertilizers, farmyard manure (FM) and poultry litter (PL), were applied three times during the nine years long crop rotation in each autumn before planting of sugar beet or potatoes in particular treatments. The last application of FM and PL was performed before sugar beet planting one and half year before the seeding of spring barley investigated in this study
Experimental design. The Ruzyně Fertilizer Experiment (RFE) was established on a permanent arable field in 1955 on the western edge of Prague (50°05'15''N, 14°17'28''E). At the study site, the mean annual temperature was 8.2°C and the mean annual precipitation was 422 mm (Prague-Ruzyně Meteorological Station, 1955–2007). The soil type was classified as Luvisol and the parent material was loess mixed with chalk. The upper 30 cm (arable layer) contains 27% clay, increasing to 40% in the subsoil (soil layer 30–40 cm) and 49% at depths of 40–50 cm (Hejcman et al. 2012b).
Spring barley was only sampled from strip number II of the RFE, named the ‘Classical Crop Rotation’ (45% cereals, 33% root crops and 22% legumes). The crop sequence was alfalfa, alfalfa, winter wheat, sugar beet, spring barley, potatoes, winter wheat, sugar beet and spring barley with alfalfa under-sowing. Organic fertilizers, farmyard manure (FM) and poultry litter (PL), were applied three times during the nine years long crop rotation in each autumn before planting of sugar beet or potatoes in particular treatments. The last application of FM and PL was performed before sugar beet planting one and half year before the seeding of spring barley investigated in this study
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