While there is clear evidence on the bene¢cial effects of salts in live-¢sh transport, there were considerable variations in the recommended amounts of salt used for di¡erent species. Johnson (1979) recommended a low concentration of 2%salt as a guideline
for live-¢sh transport, while Carneiro & Urbinati (2001) found that 6%salt was most e¡ective for minimizing the physiological response of matrinxa con cephalus (Gˇnther), to transport stress. Weirich & Tomasso (1991) recommended that red drumjuvenile should be transported in water that is nearly isosmotic to plasma (11%). Similarly, a concentration of 10% salt was found to be e¡ective for hauling and transport of striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum) (Powel
l 1970; Maz i k, Si mco & Parker 1991; Harrel l 1992).