This article analyzes the unique character of changes in today’s landscapes, the reasons why these are felt by many as a menace and why the gradually disappearing traditional landscapes are still valuable for the future. The focus is upon the European situation. First the nature of landscape changes during different periods in history is discussed and the driving forces of these changes are examined. Secondly, values of the past landscapes are discussed, considering the different ways we actually protect, study and use them. How can these values become integrated with the future demands and needs of society? This is discussed in relation to planning objectives and practice in a society characterized by an ongoing urbanization and globalization. Finally, some possibilities of the lessons past cultural landscapes can teach us are examined, as guidelines for the building of future landscapes.